Taariikh-Nololeedkii Aklilu Lemma (1934 -1997). Qalinkii: Axmed-Yaasiin Ismaaciil Maxamed (Yasto).

Aklilu lemma wuxu aha saynisyahan iyo cilmi-baadhe u dhashay wadanka Ethiopia oo badhtamihi qarnigii ina dhaafay xoog uga dhex muuqday saaxadda sayniska iyo cilmi-baadhka, gaar ahaan daah-rogista daawooyinka cusub.

Horaanti sanadki 1964 wuxu u qalin qaatay inuu wax ka qoro xanuunka kaadi-dhiiga (Bilharzia) --- waa xanuun uu sababo dulin ku dhex tarma noocyadda kala duwan ee Alaalaxayda (xaaxayda) ---- kaasi oo fara baas ku hayay dadkiisa iyo dalkiisa gaar ahaan gobolka uu kasoo jeeday ee Amxaarada iyo magaalada Adwa ee uu ku dhashay. 

Si kadis ah ayuu galab ugu arkay Alaalaxay aad u badan oo ku dhimatay agagaarka meel dharka lagu maydho oo u dhaw wabiga Adwa. Dadka deegankasina waxay u adeegsadaan maydhista dharka caleenta geed wadaniya oo loo yaqaan Endod. 

Aklilu lemma Hadii uu marar badan oo kale la kulmay dhacdaas hore, waxa ku dhalatay waydiimo cilmi-baadhiseed oo hor leh (Research questions), waxa maskaxdiisa sida waranka isku taagay su'aalo culculus oo ah "maxaa sababay in Alaalaxay intan fara leegi ku dhimato goobtan maryaha lagu maydho?" ... "waa maxay xidhiidhka taban ka dhexeeya caleenta geedka Endod iyo Alaalaxayda?" ..... "ma laga yaabaa caleenta Endod inay ku jirto walax-kiimiko ah oo dilaysa Alaalaxayda?"

Maalmo ka dib waxa uu weel yar kusoo qaaday Alaalaxay nool, wuxuu ula yimid haween dhar ku maydhaya caleenta Endod. Xogaa biyo ah oo xunbadi caleenta leh ayuu ku shubay weelki yara ee uu Alaalaxayda nool ku sitay. Dhawr daqiiqadood ka dib Alaalaxaydi waxa sii daysay dhibco neefo ah wayna dhimatay.

Tani waxay ahayd diraasadiisi daalacasho (observational study) ee ugu horaysay ee salka iyo seeska u noqotay taxane diraasaad ah oo socday rubuc qarni kuna saabsaana mawduuca kan ee ah sidii daawo qiimeheedu aad u jabanyahay wax tarkeeduna aad sareeyo loogu heli lahaa xakamaynta Alaalaxayda oo gudbisa xanuunka Kaadi-dhiiga (Bilharzia).

25 sanadoood oo dadaal, naf-hur, fakir, maskax-shiil, caqabado, fursado iyo rajooyin ay ka buuxeen ka dib waxa uu ku guulaystay abaal-marin caalami ah oo loo yaqaan "Right Livelihood Award" sanadki1989.

Tobaneeyo sano, Copper sulphate aya ahyd maado muhiim ah oo laga isticmaalayay wadamada Masar iyo Sudan si loogu kaxameeyo cudurkan kaadi-dhiiga. Jarmalkii gambled aya isaguna soo saaray maadada Baylucide ee wakhtigaas ahayd ta kaliya ee ay ogoshahay WHO in lagu joojiyo faafidda kaadi-dhiiga. Inkasta oo wadamada Afrika ay ahaayeen kuwa aan haba yaraatee iibsan karin dawada Baylucide oo qiimaheedu dhanyahay 25,000 oo dollar halkii tonba. 

Aklilu lemma waxa wakhtigiisa ugu badan ku qaadanayay sidii uu aduun waynaha iyo WHO ugu qancin laha wax-tarka caleenta Endod iyo qiimo jabnaanteeda.

Waxa uu shay-baadh iyo tajribooyin ku darsay saamaynta Endod ay ku yeelan karto xayawaanka iyo deegankaba si loogu gogol xaadho u adeegsiga jidhka Aadamaha. Natiijooyinki diraasadisan  shay-baadh waxa markii ugu horasay loo daabacay si caalami ah 1970. Waxa daabacday jariirada Bulletin of the World Health Organization in 1970 (volume 42, pages 597-612).

1970 - 1972 waxa uu kala shaqeeyay Stanford Research Institute (SRI) in Menlo Park, California, baadhitaano dheeri ah oo lagu ogaanayay noocyada kiimiko we ku jira caleenta Endod. Walaxda ugu muhiimsan ee ku jirta caleenta Endod waxa loo bixiyay "Lemmatoxin", magani oo lala xidhiidhiyay Aklilu lemma. 

Intii u dhaxaysay 1972 - 1977, diraasad mug wayn oo qaadatay shan sano ayuu ka sameeyay tuuladiisii Adwa. Caleenta Endod ayuu si toosa ugu adeegsaday inu ku joojiyo faafitaanka kaadi-dhiiga. Waana diraasadda ay ka qayb qaateen 17,000 oo qof oo 3500 ay ahayeen caruur 5 sano ka yar. Natiijooyinka layaabka leh ee kasoo baxday cilmi-baadhistan waxa ka mid aha inuu 68% inuu yaraaday faafitanki kanuunka kaadi-dhiiga, sidoo kale 83% waxa is dhimay caabuqii xanuunka. Waana diraasada natiijadeeda laguso bandhigay shir caalamiya oo ka dhacay Qaahira, Masar 1977 oo lagaga arinsanayay dhibaatada baahsan ee xanuunka kaadi-dhiigu ku hayo wadamada wabigu maro, bilo yar kadibna waxa lagu daabacay Jariiradaha caalamiga ah.

Horaantii sideetamaadki Aklilu lemma wuxu wajahayay caqabado waawayn oo ka hor taagan inay diraasadiisi hesho aqbalaad caalamiya (international acceptance). 1982 ayay dawlada Netherlands (Holland) ay maalgalisay diraasad madax-banan oo ku saabsan Endod oo ay hogaaminayan Dr. Charles Lugt  Aklilu lemma iyo saxibkisi Ethiopian ka ahaa Dr. Legesse Wolde-Yohannes. Waana diraasada 65 nooc oo geedka Endod ah laga beerayay wadamada (Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, and Swaziland). Hal nooc oo Endod ah aya laga xushay, loona bixiyay E-44 (Ethiopian strain 44). Aqoonyahan Aklilu lemma wuxu usii gudbay Harvard university si uu sameeyo baadhitano dheeri ah oo daaha Endod inuu leeyay lagu dili karo cayayaan badan sida kaneecada iyo waliba fangasyada cambaaraha dhaliya.

Caqabada ugu way ee hortaagnayd diraasadisan inay hesho aqbalaad caalamiya waxay ahyd iyada oo an la hubin saamayn taban inay ku haykalka nololeed ee deegaanka (ecosystems), waliba la ogaaday Endodku inuu dili karo kaluunka yaryar ee biyaha macaan. Haddana Aklilu lemma ku kalsoona Endod inuu yahay walax dabiiciya  (natural product)  kana fiicnaan doono walax dad-samee ah (synthetic products).

Wuxuu sii waday halgan ka ugu jiro aqoonsi caalamiya, shirki ugu horeeyay ee caalamiya wuxu ku qabtay Lusaka, Zambia. Kii labaadna Switzerland, kii 3aadna Ethiopia.

Ugu danbayn 1990 ayay hayada caafimadka aduunku ogolaatay in si caalamiya loo adeegsado Endod, waxanay warbixin kasoo saartay sida loo adeegsanayo iyo xadiga loo adeegsanayo in lagu milo biyaha ceelasha iyo harooyinka yaryar si looga dilo Alaalaxayda.

Addis Ababa university waxay ku maamustay in asaasto kulliyad loogu magac darayo Aklilu lemma, kulliyadasi oo loo bixiyay "Aklilu lemma institute of pathobiology".

Ugu danbayn Aklilu lemma wuxu tusaale u yahay aqoonyahan kasta oo jecel inuu wax ku darsato aqoonta cobcaysa ee aadamaha iyo qof kastoo jecel inuu aqoontisa ugu adeego dadkiisa iyo dalkiisaba.

Waxa Qoray:- Axmed-Yaasiin Ismaaciil Maxamed (Yasto)



Maqaalmaal Media is a Somali website operating in the mainland of the Greater Somalia. Its official headquarter is the capital of Somaliland, Hargeisa. This site contains a variety of information on Somali social issues around the world. Thank you for trusting us. _____ _______ _______ _______ _____ ______ _______ _______ ________ ________ Maqaalmaal waa Mareeg Soomaaliyeed oo ka Hawlgasha Dhulwaynaha Shanta Soomaali Wayn. Xarunteeda Rasmiga ahi Waa Caasimada Somaliland ee Hargeisa. Waxay Mareegtani Xambaarsan tahay Xogo kala duwan oo ku Saabsan Arrimaha Bulshada Soomaaliyeed ee ku kala Fariiqsan daafaha dunnida. Aad baad ugu Mahadsan tahay Aaminaadaada.

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